…et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group…

…et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group…

…et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group…

…artery (RCA). For details, refer to chapter The Coronary Arteries. Mitral valve disease A wide range of conditions may cause mitral valve disease, which results…

…target INR 2.0 3.0 A mechanical valve may require a higher target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and…

…contraindicated, for example in asthma Contraindicated in impaired left ventricular function and together with an intravenous beta blocker Digoxin In heart failure or hypotension, or…

Echocardiography Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function) Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects…

…alter disease progression. Diuretics may be used for symptom relief. Surgical repair or valve replacement is considered when medical therapy is insufficient, or when concomitant…

…valve. Calcification has traditionally been considered a passive degenerative process, but emerging evidence suggests it is propelled by a biologically active process. Risk factors for…

Echocardiography Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function have evolved considerably in the past two decades. Currently recommended…