…months , irrespective of stent type. The preferred regimen is aspirin plus a potent P2Y12 inhibitor, usually prasugrel or ticagrelor. In patients undergoing PCI for ACS…

…records are incomplete. A full device check should be available within the recommended interval before elective surgery. In the absence of malfunction, a pacemaker should…

…Diagnostics Non invasive assessment of ischaemia and viability Objective evidence of ischaemia is important before elective CTO PCI. Demonstration of both significant myocardial ischaemia and…

…multivessel disease is present in approximately 80% of patients. Evaluation and clinical assessment Clinical factors influencing treatment selection The following characteristics favour CABG when clinically…

…Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction The ECG in the assessment of myocardial reperfusion The ECG is an invaluable tool to assess whether an occlusion has…

…left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients, microvascular obstruction or…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), or a reduced requirement for antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant…

…fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy, particularly with warfarin. Developed from the ATRIA study cohort, this score aids clinicians in estimating the risk of bleeding complications…

…single loading dose of 60 mg. Maintenance dose : 10 mg once daily. For UA/NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiography within 48 hours of hospital admission…

…is demonstrated. ANOCA may occur in up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography, while approximately 25% of these patients have documented ischaemia. Among…

…undergoing anticoagulation therapy. References 1. Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of…

…infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function, valve disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac…

…and the development of AF is common following the successful ablation of typical flutter. Furthermore, typical flutter frequently emerges in patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for…

…In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, even mild baseline renal dysfunction is associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased…

…magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated procedural injury in patients undergoing either procedure, and postprocedural cTnI elevation correlates with evidence of injury on cardiac magnetic resonance…