…typical reverse flutter. Typical atr flutter exhibits strong reproducible anatomical dependence, which explains the high morphological reproducibility of its ECG pattern. However, this well recognized…

…and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. Implantable loop recorders are diagnostic devices rather than pacing or defibrillation systems, but their stored data may also be…

…Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction The ECG in the assessment of myocardial reperfusion The ECG is an invaluable tool to assess whether an occlusion has…

…left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients, microvascular obstruction or…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in…

…fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy, particularly with warfarin. Developed from the ATRIA study cohort, this score aids clinicians in estimating the risk of bleeding complications…

…single loading dose of 60 mg. Maintenance dose : 10 mg once daily. For UA/NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiography within 48 hours of hospital admission…

…is demonstrated. ANOCA may occur in up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography, while approximately 25% of these patients have documented ischaemia. Among…

…of major bleeding (per 100 patient years) 0 Low 1.9 1 Low 2.5 2 Intermediate 5.3 3 Intermediate 8.4 4 High…

…duration of 6 months after ACS is generally considered too short for routine use, but it may be considered in selected patients with a high…

…obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days. CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 52…

…approximately half of patients undergoing primary PCI have multivessel disease. In ACS complicated by cardiogenic shock, multivessel disease is present in approximately 80% of patients…

…infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function, valve disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac…

…In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, even mild baseline renal dysfunction is associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased…

…magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated procedural injury in patients undergoing either procedure, and postprocedural cTnI elevation correlates with evidence of injury on cardiac magnetic resonance…