…or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in…

…min the antibacterial effect is lost. Dosed independently of renal function Doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and fusidic acid. All have good absorption and are…

…following the successful ablation of typical flutter. Furthermore, typical flutter frequently emerges in patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for AF with class IC drugs or amiodarone…

…In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, even mild baseline renal dysfunction is associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased…

…fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy, particularly with warfarin. Developed from the ATRIA study cohort, this score aids clinicians in estimating the risk of bleeding complications…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction The ECG in the assessment of myocardial reperfusion The ECG is an invaluable tool to assess whether an occlusion has…

…repolarization and provoke ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The likelihood of clinically significant EMI is generally low, particularly with bipolar electrocautery performed away from the…

…left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients, microvascular obstruction or…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…Prasugrel, administered in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…is demonstrated. ANOCA may occur in up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography, while approximately 25% of these patients have documented ischaemia. Among…

…undergoing anticoagulation therapy. References 1. Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of…

…months , irrespective of stent type. The preferred regimen is aspirin plus a potent P2Y12 inhibitor, usually prasugrel or ticagrelor. In patients undergoing PCI for ACS…

…obstruction that has persisted for at least 30 days. CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 52…

…approximately half of patients undergoing primary PCI have multivessel disease. In ACS complicated by cardiogenic shock, multivessel disease is present in approximately 80% of patients…

…infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function, valve disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac…

…magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated procedural injury in patients undergoing either procedure, and postprocedural cTnI elevation correlates with evidence of injury on cardiac magnetic resonance…