…infarction Dyspnoea requires assessment of dynamic LV function, valve disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac…

…and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. Implantable loop recorders are diagnostic devices rather than pacing or defibrillation systems, but their stored data may also be…

…Demonstration of reduced CFR and/or inducible microvascular spasm. The microvascular circulation cannot be directly visualized in vivo in humans. Consequently, diagnosis depends on functional…

…A CTO may be discovered incidentally during diagnostic angiography. Collateral vessels may maintain distal perfusion and permit visualization of the vessel beyond the occlusion when…

…magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated procedural injury in patients undergoing either procedure, and postprocedural cTnI elevation correlates with evidence of injury on cardiac magnetic resonance…

…A diagnostic pitfall arises because typical circuits occurring in diseased atria—most frequently following surgery or extensive ablation, or under the influence of antiarrhythmic drugs…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in…

…Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight…