Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology A chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a complete or nearly complete coronary arterial obstruction that has persisted for…

…whether ACS or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Whether and how PCI was performed. The need for non cardiac surgery. The presence of an indication for…

…ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures. Both…

…with chronic kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease and advanced CKD. The clinical course is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of…

…day. Reassess the dose daily and follow creatinine. Underdosing in sepsis is more dangerous than exceeding the upper dose limit during the first 24 hours…

…return) of ST segment elevations. If the reperfusion is complete (after a total occlusion) the ST segment is normalized within one hour, and this confirms…

…leads. Electrocautery is the most frequent source of EMI, although radiofrequency procedures, nerve stimulators, and other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The…

…reflects an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. In many cases, the initiating process is plaque disruption with thrombosis; other cases result from spasm…

[calc_aorta] Sinus of Valsalva (SOV) and Aortic Root Assessment The sinus of Valsalva diameter (SOVd) is a critical measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology…