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Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation…

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

…reduced cardiac output and risk of hypoperfusion. Distinguishing AV block 2 and AV block 3 In case the distinction between second degree AV block and…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…Ibutilide, Sotalol Class IV Non dihydropyridine L type Ca 2+ channel blockers Diltiazem, Verapamil Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. Bold text indicates agents…

Inclisiran and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Agents

…RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). It acts through degradation of the messenger RNA encoding PCSK9 within…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…Ibutilide, Sotalol Class IV Non dihydropyridine L type Ca 2+ channel blockers Diltiazem, Verapamil Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. Bold text indicates agents…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

…Paper speed 50 mm/s. Type 1 Brugada syndrome reminds somewhat of right bundle branch block (RBBB) in leads V1–V3, but the QRS duration…

Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks

…causes, diagnosis & management This article covers the fundamental principles of atrioventricular (AV) blocks, which are classified into three types: first degree, second degree, and third…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state Albuminuria and declining estimated glomerular filtration rate Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus Atherosclerotic cardiovascular events HF and atrial fibrillation Obesity…

Indications for pacemaker

…II, type 2 Some atrial impulses (P waves) are blocked, but PR interval is constant. Yes. AV block III No atrial impulses reach the ventricles…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…of the left ventricle. This type of bradycardia is due to diminished automaticity (pacemaker function) in the sinoatrial node or conduction defects (e.g. second…

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