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Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…Type II: is confined to the ascending aorta. Type III: originates in the descending aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery. Type IIIa…

Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

…degree AV block Mobitz type II is characterized by sporadically occurring blocks, without the Wenckebach phenomenon. Second degree AV block Mobitz type I (Wenckebach block…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

… A: Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C: Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (rSR' pattern in…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased, relatively autonomous from angiotensin II and plasma potassium, and resistant to suppression by sodium loading…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…infarction – Particularly ischemia or infarction located to the inferior wall of the left ventricle. This type of bradycardia is due to diminished automaticity (pacemaker function)…

🟠 Reference values for adult ECG

…not appear. Second degree AV block Mobitz type II : intermittently blocked atrial impulses (no QRS seen after P) but with constant PR interval. Third degree…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…kinetics Lidocaine , Mexiletine , Phenytoin Class IC Na + channel blocker with slow offset kinetics Flecainide, Propafenone Class II Beta adrenergic Blockers (antagonists) Atenolol, Carvedilol, Esmolol, Metoprolol…

ACE Inhibitors: Initiation, Titration and Creatinine Monitoring

…the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By abrogating the effects of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors stabilize left ventricular remodeling…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…kinetics Lidocaine , Mexiletine , Phenytoin Class IC Na + channel blocker with slow offset kinetics Flecainide, Propafenone Class II Beta adrenergic Blockers (antagonists) Atenolol, Carvedilol, Esmolol, Metoprolol…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

…pronounced in the anterolateral (V3, V4, V5, V6) and inferior (II, aVF and III) leads. There are four principal causes of J waves, namely hypothermia…

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