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Spirometry

…treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…AV nodal refractoriness. Its electrophysiologic effects on the His Purkinje system and ventricular muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome) have been rarely reported with acetylsalicylic acid. Discontinue acetylsalicylic acid at the first sign of skin rash, mucosal…

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…40 g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…of the drug's pharmacological effects are produced during its first passage through the circulation. Due to this rapid clearance, adenosine must be administered as…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow and the concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…range of heart rates is encountered, as they may provide more reliable corrections. Hodges’ formula offers an alternative linear correction method. https://ecgwaves.com/topic…

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