…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…AV nodal refractoriness. Its electrophysiologic effects on the His Purkinje system and ventricular muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients…

…urticaria with NSAIDs). Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome)…

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

…for the side effects of heart block, wheezing, and peripheral vasodilation, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and Administration Technique Adenosine is extensively and rapidly cleared from the plasma…

…arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its…

…of heart rates compared to Bazett’s formula. Fridericia's Formula: QTc = QT interval / (RR interval) 1/3 Framingham (Sagie’s) Formula Derived from…