…Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical channelopathies Oxidative stress Cellular apoptosis and necrosis Progressive structural remodelling Alcohol associated…

…urticaria with NSAIDs). Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome)…

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

…which specific antidotes are available. The detrimental effects of these substances can potentially be reversed if interventions are promptly instituted. In scenarios where an antidote…

…treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic…

…AV nodal refractoriness. Its electrophysiologic effects on the His Purkinje system and ventricular muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients…

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

…AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which…

…from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high…