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Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are the most common causes of constrictive pericarditis. Of these three, idiopathic pericarditis…

Endotracheal intubation

…deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma, facial trauma. An anticipated course requiring a secured airway — transfer, heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There are…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…systole. Transesophageal echocardiography and surgical pathology demonstrate that over 90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] …

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…result in hemorrhage within the pericardium. Ventricular rupture : A transmural infarction can cause a rupture in the left ventricular free wall. Mediastinal trauma : Penetrating injuries…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…Calculation of Qp/Qs 1. Measurement of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) Diameter Optimal View : Mid transgastric left ventricular short axis (LVSAX) view. Method : Zoom…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…evidence has demonstrated lower rates of access site bleeding, surgical repair, and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has also been associated with lower…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…or sudden loss of effective cardiac output. Their recognition is essential because treatment often requires urgent surgical or transcatheter intervention, with temporary mechanical circulatory support …

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…descriptors of pathological extent. Magnetic resonance imaging findings indicate that Q wave development relates more closely to infarct volume than to transmurality. Clinical Presentation and…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and Grown Up Congenital Heart (GUCH) disease Survival in congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades…

Care after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

…care Victims of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who achieve ROSC in the emergency room (ER) are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU)…

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