…atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and hemodynamically compromising ventricular tachycardia, while defibrillation (unsynchronized shock) is reserved for ventricular fibrillation, where urgent reversion to sinus rhythm…

…The sinus node is a small oval structure located near the entrance of the superior vena cava in the right atrium (Figure 1). The sinus…

…emphasis on the heart position in the thorax, the atrial situs viscerum, the vein atrial and the atrio ventricular connections, the relationship between the ventricles…

…arises when the volume of air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart…

…abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior…

…concomitant drug/alcohol use. Some studies suggest HAS BLED has comparable or slightly superior predictive capability for major bleeding compared to ATRIA. ORBIT: Includes factors…

…HEMORR₂HAGES bleeding risk score is a clinical tool developed to assess the risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on anticoagulation therapy…

…and travels in a counterclockwise direction. The activation wavefront propagates in a craniocaudal direction down the right atrial free wall, traverses the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI…

…ST elevation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the superior sensitivity of OMI criteria—including subtle and nontraditional ECG patterns such as De Winter T waves, Wellens…

ECG Hypertrophy and dilatation Principles of atrial and ventricular enlargement (hypertrophy and dilatation) Cardiac chamber enlargement refers to abnormally large atria or abnormally large ventricles…