…intervention with treatment of risk factors when indicated. Risk estimation is particularly important when deciding which individuals are most likely to benefit from preventive drug…

…5 serious etiologies Family history (focus on ischemic heart disease, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax). Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress…

…main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual assessment Hypertrophic…

…blood supply. Stress increases myocardial oxygen requirements, principally through increased heart rate and contractility. In the presence of a flow limiting coronary stenosis, supply cannot…

…than an absolute rule. Evaluation of the exercise stress test: Parameters to assess Evaluation of the exercise stress test is based on several parameters wh

…does lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate), which should, however, be distinguished from dyspnea which is shortness of breath. Dyspnea may be due to poor…

…to reach their maximal heart rate. Ultimately, the specificity of exercise stress testing is lower in the elderly, as compared to younger individuals. Sensitivity, on…

…the term treadmill test should only be used when referring to exercise stress tests carried out on a treadmill. In many parts of the world…

…as a measure of left ventricular function is that it ignores the ability of the ventricle to generate pressure. This is evident from Figure 1…

…corticosteroid abruptly after longer term treatment. Not giving a stress dose to a patient with adrenal insufficiency during acute illness. Confusing dexamethasone 0.75 mg…