…which the pressure in the aorta is increased) and aortic stenosis (in which the narrowing of the opened aortic valve orifice makes it difficult for…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and pathophysiology Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical disorder caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying…

…occurs when there is insufficient oxygen available. Insufficient oxygen supply results in diminished ATP production and subsequently disruption of cellular metabolism. In case of ischemia…

…stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and…

…overcoming the resistance in the stenosis and maintaining adequate stroke volumes. Thus, ventricular hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism, the purpose of which is to maint

…non left main coronary stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed or non…

…phase – due to risk of arrhythmias Severe aortic stenosis – due to risk of syncope, ischemia, and arrhythmias Endocarditis – due to risk of embolization Deep venous…

…risk of rebound. The referring physician should have made this decision; document which applies. Nitroglycerin is continued; note it in the report. Shaving and careful…

…some patients present with severe LMCA stenosis exacerbated by other conditions, and these must also be recognized. Prompt identification of LMCA involvement is therefore critical…

…flow preserved by the stenosis. Cutoff ≤ 0.80. Deepest outcome trial evidence base of any physiological index; lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics…