…infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic objectives Antianginal therapy in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is directed primarily at reducing myocardial ischaemia and relieving anginal symptoms…

…This discrepancy reflects, at least in part, the nocebo effect : negative expectations, contextual cues and attribution of pre existing symptoms to the medication. No single…

…or low intensity lipid lowering therapy: • Start high potency, high dose statin therapy (Class I recommendation). • Immediate combination with ezetimibe can be considered if LDL…

…source material. The statin should be prescribed at the highest tolerated dose. When LDL C remains above target despite maximally tolerated statin therapy, ezetimibe is…

…double blind, placebo controlled study of 13,970 patients at high cardiovascular risk who were unable or unwilling to take statins. Approximately 70% were in…

…patients at increased ASCVD risk. Ezetimibe is appropriate when the LDL C goal is not achieved with statin therapy or when statins cannot be prescribed…

…of at least 50% from baseline. In patients who experience a recurrent atherothrombotic or cardiovascular event within 2 years while receiving maximally tolerated statin based…

…dL) , and A reduction of at least 50% from baseline . The treatment sequence is generally: High intensity statin therapy at the highest tolerated dose. Addition…

…Erosion: Responsible for up to 30% of ACS cases, plaque erosion is increasingly recognized in the modern era of high intensity statin therapy. Unlike rupture…

…Thus, even a modest absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower LDL C concentrations…

…such as statins, reduces their risks markedly. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that those with high LDL cholesterol levels are at increased risk of athero

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

…successful primary preventive strategies, such as reduced smoking rates, aggressive lowering of blood lipids with statins and sophisticated treatments for hypertension. However, coronary artery disease…

…with a mean gradient ≥ 40 mmHg. Fluid responsiveness Static measures such as the CVP predict fluid responsiveness poorly. Dynamic measures are better: a pulse pressure…

…failure and stroke; the lifetime risk for a 40 year old woman has been estimated at approximately one in two for CVD, one in three…

…Consequently, the decision to prescribe colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes…