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Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…The ECG from the article follows. As evident, the figure legend states that the ECGs show two patterns of early repolarization. They assert that the…

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…to quickly acquire state of the art knowledge and practical training. Professor Smith published a book as well, which we've read and recommend to…

Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

…neuromuscular blockers, and a person designated to keep time and read out the number of attempts. Laryngeal mask sizes Size Patient weight Maximum cuff volume…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…in choosing the level of care. The clinical state, the circulation, comorbidity and the precipitating cause carry at least as much weight as the laboratory…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…less common causes such as severe pre existing valvular disease or excessive beta blocker or calcium channel blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…such as MDMA (ecstasy) or amphetamines. In either scenario, there is sustained muscle activation, leading to marked heat generation, acidosis, and the subsequent development of…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…of impending overcorrection. Grading Hyponatraemia is defined as a plasma sodium below 135 mmol/L. The biochemical grade alone does not indicate how acute the…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…for help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…5 µg/mL at the cost of increased toxicity risk. In routine clinical practice, amiodarone plasma levels are rarely useful, as myocardial concentration—which correlates…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…post ACS or post revascularization states, and heart failure of ischaemic or cardiometabolic origin. Major clinical presentations The principal outpatient presentations include: Reproducible stress induced…

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