…pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months and have health implications…

…is substantial in very small and very large people. Acute kidney injury (KDIGO) Stage Creatinine Urine output : : : 1 A rise ≥ 26 µmol/L in 48…

…hours Use whichever criterion gives the higher stage. A patient can thus be stage 3 by urine output despite a less marked rise in creatinine…

…airway algorithm is activated in unexpectedly difficult laryngoscopy, difficult bag mask ventilation or failed intubation — and already at the planning stage when the MACOCHA score…

…Type 3 Focal or tubular stenosis resembling atherosclerosis Often requires intravascular imaging to demonstrate an intramural haematoma or double lumen Type 1 is reported in…

…mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2] . The process initiates with endothelial dysfunction, a state provoked by systemic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, smoking…

…Do not crush or split the tablet . Warnings and Precautions Bleeding Risk In the phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria included increased bleeding risk…

…these stages is supported by a wide range of experimental and clinical studies. The electrical phase and circulatory phase are explained by cellular changes in…

…does not produce the same sustained shift of water [3]. Severity of DKA The classification helps in choosing the level of care. The clinical state…

…area is normally 3.0 to 4.0 cm 2 . Aortic stenosis is a progressive disease that leads to a gradual reduction in the orifice…