…upturned leading edge, and lubricate the dorsal surface. 2. Position the head in the sniffing position if the neck may be moved. 3. Ensure that…

…L in 48 h, or 1.5–1.9 × the baseline < 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6–12 h 2 2.0–2…

… 2. Is the patient hypovolaemic, adequately filled or fluid overloaded? 3. Is there, or is there approaching, an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about…

…lumen Type 1 is reported in fewer than one third of cases in the pregnancy related source material. Types 2 and 3 are diagnostically more…

…dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2] . The process initiates with endothelial dysfunction, a state provoked by systemic risk factors such as hypertension…

…75 mL/min/1.73 m², the probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases in an approximately linear manner. At an eGFR of 15 mL…

…and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between…

…produce the same sustained shift of water [3]. Severity of DKA The classification helps in choosing the level of care. The clinical state, the circulation…

…elevated risk of developing aortic stenosis. The prevalence of bicuspid aortic valves is 1% to 2% in most Western populations. Individuals with bicuspid aortic valves…

…sodium. Chronic or minimally symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a controlled fashion, since too rapid a rise can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome [1,2]…