…bag mask ventilation or failed intubation — and already at the planning stage when the MACOCHA score or the LEMON assessment indicates that difficulties are likely…

…Staging of chronic kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high G2 60–89 Mildly reduced G3a 45–59 Mildly to moderately reduced…

…1]. Three questions must be answered immediately: 1. Is there obstruction to urine flow? 2. Is the patient hypovolaemic, adequately filled or fluid overloaded? 3…

…coronary circulation and may involve multiple vessels. Pregnancy associated SCAD can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery, although more than 70% of…

…dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2] . The process initiates with endothelial dysfunction, a state provoked by systemic risk factors such as hypertension…

…renal imaging Risk of progression rises with proteinuria and depends on cause 2 60 mL/min/1.73 m² Abnormal urinalysis or renal imaging Mild…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a…

…Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, HHS : : : Glucose Plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or previously known diabetes Plasma glucose ≥ 33.3 mmol/L Ketones…

Echocardiography Aortic stenosis The aortic valve area is normally 3.0 to 4.0 cm 2 . Aortic stenosis is a progressive disease that leads to…

…circulation. 2. Assess the neurological symptoms and at the same time exclude other acute causes, for example hypoglycaemia, poisoning, stroke, meningitis and a postictal state…