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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy, acute heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and abrupt deterioration in…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…prolonged, produces multiorgan dysfunction and death. In the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…influenced by the clinical setting, vascular access route, anticoagulation, renal function, age, comorbidity, and procedural complexity. Overall incidence and major complications Complications during diagnostic coronary…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…risk mechanical complications. Determination of symptom onset time and anticipated time to primary PCI. Patients with STEMI should be monitored in a setting capable of…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS have more comorbidities and a higher risk of complications than patients without AF; both…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is prevention of thromboembolic complications, particularly stroke…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or MVD. Nevertheless, the optimal extent and timing of intervention depend on the clinical setting, haemodynamic status, coronary anatomy…

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration After Acute Coronary Syndromes and Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

…events (MACE) and stent thrombosis. Premature DAPT interruption is described as the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in this setting. The duration of therapy requires…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…however, increase peri procedural complications and bleeding. Clinical presentation The available source material does not provide a detailed description of the presenting symptoms of NSTEMI…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…myocardial infarction, premature death, recurrent infarction and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease, those who stop smoking have approximately twice the…

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