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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…Palpitations or suspected atrial fibrillation OSA or daytime symptoms suggestive of sleep disordered breathing Hypoventilation Peripheral oedema or venous disease Reduced mobility Osteoarthritis and low…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…untreated sleep apnoea, a concurrent benzodiazepine or gabapentinoid, marked hypovolaemia, head injury with impaired consciousness, biliary tract disease. There is no contraindication to analgesia in…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…kidney dysfunction, sleep disordered breathing, cancer related disease and cardiac amyloidosis among the relevant clinical settings or comorbidities. HFrEF is distinguished from heart failure with…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…of smoking, and adequate sleep. The process should begin early in life. Primordial prevention in childhood may reduce the subsequent development of hypertension, elevated LDL…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is diagnosed according to the fourth universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI is generally related…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…potentially fatal condition that requires prompt treatment, including plasmapheresis. Interference with Platelet Function Test for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): False negative results in platelet function…

De-escalation and Shortened Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk

…denotes treatment with aspirin plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction…

Assessment of diastolic function by echocardiography

…between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The deceleration time is prolonged in conditions leading to a delayed equalization of the pressure gradient. Conversely…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…renal failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope, autonomic dysfunction, adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition [1,2]…

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