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Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…sepsis without shock, a rapid targeted assessment is made. If the suspicion persists, antibiotics must be given within three hours. The evidence for an absolute…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical…

What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post shock bradycardia, and use of biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic…

Electrical cardioversion

…wave to synchronise to; sync mode would block the shock entirely The patient Awake or sedated — requires sedation Unconscious In polymorphic VT, sync must be…

Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…of right heart failure may indicate the need for inodilator therapy. Furthermore, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock can present de novo in pregnant women…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…Stable No Normal Anticoagulation. Outpatient management may be considered The sPESI (simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index) gives 1 point each for age 80 years, cancer…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) arteries (Figure 1). Acute obstruction can lead to rapid hemodynamic deterioration, cardiogenic shock, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest is high and pharmacological interventions are frequently futile. It is often necessary…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 3

…5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG 7 . Asystole after shock. ECG 8 . Recurrence of supraventricular rhythm. ECG 9…

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