…disease. It combines a structured family history, clinical evaluation, cardiac investigations, genetic counselling and, where appropriate, molecular testing. The approach is particularly relevant to cardiomyopathies…

…and undertreatment. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors Several conventional risk factors have sex dependent effects: Blood pressure rises more steeply in women from young adulthood, resulting…

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

Referensvärden Spirometry values are always interpreted against the predicted value for sex, age, height and ethnicity — not against absolute figures. Since 2022 the z score…

…Alcohol has dose , pattern , duration , sex , and genetically influenced effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy…

CPR Each recording presents two leads recorded simultaneously. Sex : Female Age : 72 years History : heart failure Medications : digoxin, quinidine ECG 1 . The initial beats are…

…Each recording presents two leads recorded simultaneously. Sex : Male Age : 43 years History : None Medications : None ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by rapid ventricular tachycardia…

…= 75 years Diabetes Mellitus Stroke/TIA/TE Vascular disease Age 65 74 years Sex category (female) Calculate Score CHA2DS2 VASc Score Result function calculateScore(…

…VA score for stroke risk assessment in atrial fibrillation patients. By excluding the sex parameter, the CHA₂DS₂ VA score addresses concerns about overestimating stroke risk…

…from the original SYNTAX Score) and clinical variables (e.g., age, sex, renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction) to provide a more personalized risk assessment…

…two contiguous leads [8, 10]. The specific voltage thresholds vary based on patient age, sex, and lead location, as detailed below [8, 10]: Patient Demographic…

…department, as well as in primary health care. The cause (etiology) of chest pain varies according to age, sex, risk factors, type of symptoms etc…

…irrespective of sex Mid upper arm circumference Midpoint of the upper arm < 23 cm suggests undernutrition in adults Calf circumference Largest circumference < 31…

…as serum creatinine, age, sex, and race to provide an eGFR value normalized to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m². Advantages of…

…approximately five times higher in males than females, although the sex difference becomes less pronounced in older age. Cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk…

…late as 2 weeks after infarction. Predisposing features Risk features vary by lesion but include: Older age. Female sex. Hypertension. Absence of an adequate collateral…

…and heart failure. Compared with patients with primary hypertension matched for age, sex and blood pressure, affected patients have more frequent stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction…

…particularly important. The precise initiating mechanism is incompletely defined. Several associations have been described: Female sex, particularly in patients aged approximately 40–50 years. Hormonal…

…1 Prior stroke or TIA 2 Vascular disease 1 Age 65–74 years 1 Female sex 1 Bleeding risk must be considered alongside thromboembolic risk…

…drug accumulation secondary to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1]. Nonmodifiable risk factors encompass female sex, underlying genetic predisposition…

…cardiac index is cardiac output normalized to body surface area. The ultrasound system calculates body surface area using the patient's sex, weight and height…

…scarce). Indeed, the strongest risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation is age. Other significant risk factors are as follows: male sex, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy…

…and in hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Age and sex The median age in OHCA is 70 years in Sweden, 66 years in Europe (EuReCA) and…

…RWT (Relative Weight Thickness), provided that the patient's weight, height and sex are entered. RWT is a measure of the type of hypertrophy. Generally…

…choose the more cautious course. Anticoagulation Assess the risk with CHA₂DS₂ VA (the sex category has been removed from the Swedish recommendation). Score Recommendation : : 0…

…without shoes, the weight, the age, the sex and the ancestry before the measurement; the reference values are based on them. In kyphosis, or when…

…in serious bleeding in the populations studied. There was no evidence of a different aspirin effect according to sex. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy A P2Y12 inhibitor…

…of major bleeding events caused. The evidence is not materially different by age or sex in the overall trial analyses. Some data from a study…

…include conventional cardiovascular risk factors: Age Sex Smoking status Systolic BP Cholesterol values Risk estimation uses the appropriate sex specific and smoking specific table or…

…PCI; cardiogenic shock; ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; extensive vascular calcification; female sex; low body mass index; larger arterial sheaths; greater intensity of procedural anticoagulation…

…liver disease. Interpretation of the Agatston Score The score should be interpreted both by its absolute value and in relation to age and sex. A…

…to its development, and obesity is increasingly recognized as an important contributor. Older age, female sex, atrial fibrillation (AF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and multiple…

…factors or previously identified coronary calcification. Age and sex remain important determinants of the expected prevalence of obstructive CAD, but symptom characteristics and clinical judgement…

…several patient and treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal…

…instructions are not provided in the source material. Delayed help seeking is associated with older age, female sex, Black race, lower socioeconomic or uninsured status…

…role of biological sex. The 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines formally updated the acronym to CHA2DS2 VA , explicitly removing female sex as an…

…Age, sex and renal function affect baseline troponin levels. Troponin levels are up to 3 fold higher in healthy elderly compared with healthy young individuals…

…the (age adjusted) expected maximum heart rate, which can be estimated using the following formula: Expected maximum heart rate according to age and sex. Accordingly…

…predominance. Women have a substantially higher lifetime risk of developing HFpEF, a phenomenon attributed to intrinsic sex differences in cardiovascular aging, including smaller ventricular cavities…

…alcohol intake, body weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases in parallel with economic development and industrialization. The increasing prevalence of obesity…

…demonstrate abnormalities. These tools compare perfusion data to population based reference databases, often adjusted for sex and age, to identify deviations from normal values. This…

…pressure must also be noted. In summary, the following variables should be included in the survey: personal identification, age, sex, weight, height, ECG, blood pressure…