…hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral haemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis, and severe pre…

…less ischemic area), which may receive oxygen from collateral vessels. In cardiac arrest, there is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in…

…arrest and asystole represent severe manifestations of impulse generation or conduction failure. The pathophysiology of these events may stem from reversible causes, including hypovolemia, hypoxia…

…whereas fixed, dilated pupils can signal severe global ischemia or even herniation of the brain stem. Physiological Basis of the Pupillary Reflex in Cardiac Arrest…

…capillary glucose. 3. Exclude immediately treatable threats without delay: hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, circulatory failure, sepsis, stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, seizure, poisoning and severe withdrawal. 4. Establish whether…

…antihistamine for symptoms Anaphylaxis Objective airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise, or a rapidly progressive multisystem reaction Intramuscular adrenaline immediately Severe anaphylaxis Hypoxia, marked bronchospasm, stridor…

…a fuller account of two of the commonest acute drug problems, see Warfarin therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child : : …

…agents. In the acute setting, bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from reversible systemic insults, including hypovolemia, hypoxia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis…

…Clinically, patients may present with: Absent breath sounds on the affected side Crepitus Subcutaneous emphysema Hypotension Hypoxia Mediastinal shift, with potential tracheal deviation to the…

…following recommendations: Administer 100% oxygen at the maximum flow rate . Hypoxia can precipitate cardiac arrest in septic patients; timely oxygenation can potentially prevent circulatory collapse…