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Relaxation of the left ventricle

…aorta. Afterload affects myocardial muscle fibers during systole and diastole. Afterload is a function of the following three variables: Aortic resistance (pressure). Left ventricular volume…

Technical aspects of the ultrasound image

…varying the sequence of activation of the piezoelectric crystals (Figure 3). By activating all crystals simultaneously, the resulting sound wave travels in a straight direction…

The ischemic cascade

Cardiology The ischemic cascade The ischemic cascade describes the sequence of events during myocardial ischemia, beginning with perfusion abnormalities and ultimately leading to chest pain…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…By about 10 to 20 minutes at the latest Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…Most patients display QTc 500 ms during sinus rhythm. TdP is typically initiated by a long short coupling sequence. Common scenarios leading to TdP: (1…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…Most patients display QTc 500 ms during sinus rhythm. TdP is typically initiated by a long short coupling sequence. Common scenarios leading to TdP: (1…

Intraventricular conduction delay: bundle branch blocks & fascicular blocks

…This will also yield a wide QRS complex. Altered QRS morphology – Because the normal sequence of depolarization is altered in bundle branch blocks and fascicular…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…tissue [5] . Polymorphic VT (PMVT): Characterized by a continuously changing QRS morphology and axis, indicating a dynamic sequence of ventricular activation. PMVT is frequently associated…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…This sequence is characteristic of neurally mediated hypotension. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Vasovagal syncope is frequently preceded by prodromal symptoms, including diaphoresis, a "warm sensation…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…treatment protocols that are available where you practise. Initial management of all poisonings ABCDE Step Assessment and action : : A Assess the airway, the pharyngeal reflexes…

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