…sodium loading. It is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone acts principally through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). After entering target cells, it binds…

…dependent. Similarly, angioedema occurring in the setting of ACE inhibitor therapy is bradykinin mediated rather than mast cell mediated, distinguishing it from classic allergic reactions…

…Indeed, any cell type in the ventricles may cause ventricular arrhythmias. Definitions and ECG criteria for ventricular rhythm and idioventricular rhythm Ventricular rhythm exists if…

…wave. Because of the long duration of the plateau phase most contractile cells are in this phase at the same time (more or less). Moreover…

…to their indication. Do not routinely stop aspirin given as secondary prevention 8 Contact the endoscopist and the consultant on call early. In cirrhosis or…

…to a mismatch between the expansion of contractile cells as compared with conduction cells. Therefore it is very common to observe secondary ST T changes…

…may require expertise and technologies unavailable in primary care. Before investigating secondary causes, pseudo resistance must be excluded. This includes: Poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiological basis Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI) encompasses long term interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction…

Procedurer The ankle brachial index is the cheapest and most accessible method of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than…

…patient with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), secondary adrenal insufficiency or long term corticosteroid treatment cannot increase their own cortisol production. Situation Action : : Fever…