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Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…Always, once per patient if no valid result exists Type and screen (BAS test) Blood group confirmation and antibody screening. If the screen is negative…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…abdominal examination or incidentally on imaging performed for another indication. When palpable, an AAA may present as a pulsatile, expansile and generally nontender abdominal mass…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…of fasting before the test is recommended. Shoes and clothing should be suitable for exercise. Motivation is of utmost importance because the patient must perform

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…It is performed using a non contrast, electrocardiographically gated computed tomography (CT) scan. Image acquisition generally requires a single breath hold and does not require…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…activity; or An equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity activity. Muscle strengthening exercise should additionally be performed on at least 2 days each week…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…unnoticed until adulthood. Echocardiography in CHD Echocardiography is performed in all patients with suspected CHD. Echocardiography provides detailed morphological and functional information. The vast majority…

Introduction to exercise stress testing (treadmill test, exercise ECG)

…of exercise stress testing is immense and the procedure may be used in numerous situations, ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary…

Anthropometric measurements

…22 above 70 years, and reduced food intake together form the basis of most screening instruments and should prompt a nutritional assessment. See also unintentional…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is 14.6%, and revascularisation…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and scope Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who…

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