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Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…and gardening may provide useful activity for individuals who are reluctant to undertake formal exercise. Increasing movement during daily living is a practical initial strategy…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…High Obesity 35.0–39.9 II Very high Extreme obesity ≥40 III Extremely high BMI is useful for screening and population level risk estimation…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers, cardiovascular risk falls within five years of stopping but may remain elevated thereafter. The overall health benefit is…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…70% is low, reported as 0–3.1%. In contrast, within selected high risk populations, prevalence may be sufficiently high for targeted screening to be…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…For example, heterozygous carriers in a clearly recessive cardiomyopathy may not require the same follow up as individuals at risk in an autosomal dominant family…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…of tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus and xanthelasma. Potential secondary causes of hypercholesterolaemia. The likelihood of a monogenic disorder and the need for family based screening

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…or other professionals. A physician is always formally responsible for conducting the test. All personnel must be appropriately trained and the laboratory must be equipped…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…assessment for a pulsatile abdominal mass and associated manifestations. Screening for AAA General principles Duplex ultrasound is the preferred screening modality because it is noninvasive…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…Cervical cancer screening in Sweden Since 2017, HPV testing has been the primary screening test throughout the country. Cytology is used as a triage test…

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