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Doppler effect and Doppler echocardiography

…waves) is stationary, then the reflected sound waves will have the same frequency as the sound waves emitted by the sound source. If the reflector…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…A friction rub is a superficial, scratchy, squeaking, rasping, or grating sound produced by contact between inflamed pericardial layers. It may have up to three…

Cardiac tumors

…the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac tumours have spread to the heart by metastasis or invasion from surrounding tissue. Differential Diagnostics There are several…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…lid margin upwards and backwards towards the forehead. Double eversion is achieved by advancing the bud further downwards until the upper fornix is visible. 6…

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