…of diastolic pressures in the cardiac chambers, with chamber pressures approaching intrapericardial pressure. The jugular venous waveform typically has a prominent x descent and an…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…fluid (black) and swings back and forth in the fluid. One can also note that the right ventricular free wall is being compressed by the…

…atherosclerotic burden rather than as a direct measure of luminal obstruction. Calcified plaque is generally less likely to rupture than non calcified, lipid rich plaque…

…Papillary muscle rupture, producing acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR). These complications result from transmural myocardial necrosis and subsequent tissue disruption. Infarct expansion and, in some…

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…

…arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia). Atrial or ventricular rupture : In severe cases, there can be a rupture of the atria or ventricles. Myocardial infarction : The contusion…

…SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock, a dog model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 81:27 33 . Watts S, Smith JE…

ECG Exercise stress test Definition and clinical role Exercise electrocardiographic testing is a standardized assessment in which a patient performs progressively increasing external work, usually…

ECG Exercise stress test Indications, contraindications and subject preparations for exercise stress testing (exercise ECG) In this article, we will discuss indications, contraindications, and subject…