…of diastolic pressures in the cardiac chambers, with chamber pressures approaching intrapericardial pressure. The jugular venous waveform typically has a prominent x descent and an…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung cancer). Inflammatory conditions, such as…

…atherosclerotic burden rather than as a direct measure of luminal obstruction. Calcified plaque is generally less likely to rupture than non calcified, lipid rich plaque…

…Papillary muscle rupture, producing acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR). These complications result from transmural myocardial necrosis and subsequent tissue disruption. Infarct expansion and, in some…

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…

…arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia). Atrial or ventricular rupture : In severe cases, there can be a rupture of the atria or ventricles. Myocardial infarction : The contusion…

…a proximal dissection can result in hemorrhage within the pericardium. Ventricular rupture : A transmural infarction can cause a rupture in the left ventricular free wall…

…ventricular arrhythmias. A fall in systolic blood pressure, particularly when accompanied by evidence of ischaemia, may indicate exercise induced global left ventricular dysfunction. Exercise testing…

ECG Exercise stress test Indications, contraindications and subject preparations for exercise stress testing (exercise ECG) In this article, we will discuss indications, contraindications, and subject…