…family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia did not fully explain the excess coronary risk. Rheumatoid arthritis RA is associated with increased carotid…

…men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are…

…and the barbecue roll or the Gufoni manoeuvre for treatment. Contraindications Absolute: Unstable cervical spine injury, recent cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis…

…stenosis Rheumatic heart disease Congenital mitral stenosis Calcification of the mitral valve Complications to radiation therapy Mucopolysaccharidosis Carcinoid tumor Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis…

…Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease (2018). Filsoufi F, Anyanwu AC, Salzberg SP, Frankel T, Cohn LH, Adams DH. Long term outcomes of tricuspid valve replacement…

…of the pulmonary valve and, subsequently, narrowing of the valvular orifice. Carcinoid heart disease may also lead to endocardial fibrosis. Rheumatic heart disease Sinus of…

…cause of mitral regurgitation in low and middle income countries. Rheumatic heart disease typically results in thickening of the leaflets and may coexist with mitral…

…and hyperkalemia. When bradycardia occurs in the context of inflammatory heart disease, it often reflects myocardial pathology that may also reduce myocardial contractility and cause…

…diagnosis of aortic stenosis is 75 years in high income countries. In low and middle income countries, rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause of…

…of rheumatic valvular disease. The regurgitation is considered severe if the tricuspid annulus diameter is 4 cm. Severe tricuspid regurgitation results in right ventricular and…