…pathophysiology reflects failure of vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury in the brain, retina, heart, aorta…

…not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency. The term denotes severe hypertension with advanced hypertensive retinopathy, usually retinal haemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots or papilloedema…

…whereas fixed, dilated pupils can signal severe global ischemia or even herniation of the brain stem. Physiological Basis of the Pupillary Reflex in Cardiac Arrest…

…recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative: Marked cervical restriction of movement or pain — use the Semont manoeuvre or the side…