…recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative: Marked cervical restriction of movement or pain — use the Semont manoeuvre or the side…

…retinal haemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots or papilloedema. Intravenous treatment is required if there is concomitant acute life threatening organ damage. Isolated malignant retinopathy without…

…pathophysiology reflects failure of vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury in the brain, retina, heart, aorta…

…pupillary light reflex is controlled by a simple neural circuit: light signals travel from the retina via the optic nerve (CN II) to the midbrain…