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Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…adiposity. Ethnic specific thresholds are lower or otherwise modified in some populations. Cardiometabolic mechanisms Visceral and ectopic fat are particularly relevant to cardiovascular risk. Excess…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…morbidity and mortality benefits, their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…which is driven by plaque rupture and thrombosis. The mechanisms leading to Type 2 MI are diverse and can be broadly categorised by whether they…

Cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis

…Dermatological: Pruritus Urticaria Respiratory: Dyspnea Bronchospasm, stridor, wheezing Hypoxia Life threatening edema involving the lips, tongue, and uvula causing airway obstruction Cardiovascular: Hypotension Circulatory collapse…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…go on, but he or she really has to push him or herself. It feels very heavy, and the person is very tired. 18 19…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…arrhythmia and respiratory sinus arrhythmia both refer to the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia fulfill all criteria for sinus rhythm except from the fact that the…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…after the sore has developed. Humidification, suction and the facility to give nebulised drugs within the circuit. Monitoring: continuous pulse oximetry, ECG, blood pressure, respiratory…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…results in PEA and cardiac arrest within 8 minutes. Cardiac arrest as a result of asphyxia or hypoxia is managed according to the standard CPR…

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