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Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…residential care homes (SÄBO) 2025/2026. They are Swedish regional recommendations and reflect Swedish resistance patterns and formulary availability; check what applies where you work…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…than the right ventricle. This is the result of ventricular adaptation to the resistance that must be overcome by the ventricles. The left ventricle must…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…than the right ventricle. This is the result of ventricular adaptation to the resistance that must be overcome by the ventricles. The left ventricle must…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…referred to a specialized centre because the work up may require expertise and technologies unavailable in primary care. Before investigating secondary causes, pseudo resistance must…

P-wave, PR interval, PR segment: physiology, criteria & ECG findings

…the right atrium is commonly a consequence of increased resistance to empty blood into the right ventricle. This may be due to pulmonary valve stenosis…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…resistance and oxygen transport Formulas Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = diastolic + (systolic − diastolic)/3 Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate SVR = 80 × (MAP…

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) & Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

…systemic resistance makes it more difficult for the ventricle to eject blood into the aorta during systole. In aortic stenosis, there is increased resistance in…

🟠 Hydralazine

Hydralazine Hydralazine is not preferred for hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ®…

Aortic stenosis

…As the valve area becomes smaller, the transvalvular resistance increases, making it more difficult to eject blood into the aorta. In the early stages of…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…Pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE). Hemodynamic effects Pulmonary embolism leads to increased resistance in the main pulmonary artery, and thereby increased afterload on the right…

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