…impaired renal venous outflow and persistent right sided congestion may be important mechanisms. Diuretics relieve the hemodynamic consequences of congestion by producing a negative sodium…

…blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary…

…with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial activation…

…left ventricle is usually considerably larger than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left…

Echocardiography Generating the ultrasound image The ultrasound transducer generates short bursts (pulses) of ultrasound waves. Reflected ultrasound waves are analyzed by the machine during the…

…left ventricle is many times larger than the vector generated by the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular depolarization…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…visual diameter reduction. Relevant determinants include: Lesion eccentricity Vessel tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or asymmetric filling defects Serial lesions Vessel size The relationship of the…

…with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial depolarization…

…Pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE). Hemodynamic effects Pulmonary embolism leads to increased resistance in the main pulmonary artery, and thereby increased afterload on the right…