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Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial activation…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…left ventricle is usually considerably larger than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left…

Technical aspects of the ultrasound image

…nuances on the ultrasound image. The tissues in the ultrasound image are drawn with varying shades of one color (usually gray). This is possible because…

ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave)

…left ventricle is many times larger than the vector generated by the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular depolarization…

Brugada Syndrome: Diagnosis & SCD Prevention

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…treated initially with diuretics, whereas norepinephrine and/or inotropes are reserved for low output and hemodynamic instability. Evaluation and physical examination The objective of decongestion…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…effect of a coronary lesion depends on more than its visual diameter reduction. Relevant determinants include: Lesion eccentricity Vessel tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or asymmetric…

P-wave, PR interval, PR segment: physiology, criteria & ECG findings

…with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial depolarization…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…to right shunt, tamponade, or sudden loss of effective cardiac output. Their recognition is essential because treatment often requires urgent surgical or transcatheter intervention, with…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…of patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis experience a second thrombotic event within 10 years ( Goldhaber et al, Kearon et al ). Epidemiology of…

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