…coronary artery disease (CAD). It combines echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function with exercise or pharmacological stress. The physiological basis is an…

…are rarely useful, as myocardial concentration—which correlates best with total cumulative dose—may be a better predictor of long term tolerability. Hemodynamic Effects Amiodarone…

…defined as a diameter reduction of at least 50%. Severe proximal disease of both the proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex arteries may…

…in atrial fibrillation Criteria for dose reduction according to FASS : : : Apixaban 5 mg × 2 2.5 mg × 2 if at least two of: age ≥ 80…

…leads to a gradual reduction in the orifice area. As the area is reduced, transvalvular flow resistance increases. This results in increased left ventricular load…

…should therefore prompt consideration of systemic arteriopathy rather than being regarded solely as an isolated coronary event. SCAD predominantly affects the left sided coronary circulation…

…Condition Overall strategy Common first choices : : : Acute aortic syndrome Immediate rate control and rapid reduction of the systolic blood pressure towards 100 to 120 mmHg…

…of life, repeated hospital presentations and angiography, and increased short and long term adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms may resemble those of…

…The resulting mild reduction in blood pressure is often accompanied by a compensatory rise in cardiac output. Although these changes are usually of limited clinical…

…tunica adventitia , respectively. Figure 1. Layers of the left ventricular wall, pericardium and ventricular cavity. The endocardium The endocardium lines the atria, ventricles and the…