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Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…defined as a diameter reduction of at least 50%. Severe proximal disease of both the proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex arteries may…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial activation and the second half is a reflection of left atrial activation…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients…

ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave)

…the left ventricle is many times larger than the vector generated by the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…high vagal tone. These individuals have developed a highly efficient left ventricle, capable of generating sufficient cardiac output at low heart rates. During vasovagal syncope…

Ejection fraction (EF): Physiology, Measurement & Clinical Evaluation

…These individuals exhibit pronounced hypertrophy, resulting in a reduction of ventricular volume and subsequently an increase in ejection fraction. Stroke volumes are generally reduced in…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced stroke volume…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…negligible, and doses do not require reduction in patients with renal disease; neither amiodarone nor desethylamiodarone is dialyzable. The volume of distribution is large, averaging…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…left ventricle is usually considerably larger than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary…

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