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Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…LDL C reduction required is greater than can reasonably be obtained with a statin alone but does not necessarily require the larger effect of a…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…during purely diagnostic angiography. Elective PCI has reported mortality of 0.1–0.3%, large myocardial infarction in fewer than 3%, and stroke in 0…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…to rupture characteristically contain a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid…

ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave)

…left ventricle is many times larger than the vector generated by the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular depolarization…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…main stenosis is generally defined as a diameter reduction of at least 50%. Severe proximal disease of both the proximal left anterior descending and proximal…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. This initiates inflammatory…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…speed of 25 mm/s. Figure 1. Sinus bradycardia. Paper speed 25 mm/s. Calculate the rate by dividing 300 by the number of large…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…a one quarter reduction in major cardiovascular events over 7 years compared with a low fat diet. In primary prevention, a large randomized trial involving…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…more events than a major reduction in risk among a small number of high risk individuals. This principle underlies the population approach to cardiovascular prevention…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…symptoms Typical SAMS consists of: Symmetric muscle pain Muscle aching or soreness Weakness, often perceived or functional Predominant involvement of large proximal muscle groups Symptoms…

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