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Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…Hyponatremia of unknown duration : These cases are managed as chronic hyponatremia. Degree of hyponatremia P/S Na + Common effects Mild 130 125 mmol/l Cognitive…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left ventricle. QRS duration QRS duration is the time duration from the start to the end of…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…92 percent until the risk of hypercapnia has been assessed. 3. Take an arterial blood gas in respiratory compromise, low saturation, suspected carbon dioxide retention…

ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave)

…complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular depolarization. QRS duration is the time interval from the onset to the end of the QRS complex…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

Psykiatri Akutsjukvård Lathundar Rapid summary Alcohol withdrawal occurs after an abrupt reduction or cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…a drop in blood pressure, and finally a reduction in heart rate. This sequence is characteristic of neurally mediated hypotension. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Vasovagal…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…Refraction artifact Reflection and refraction occur when ultrasound passes tissue boundaries. Tissue boundaries represent acoustic reflectors at which some of the ultrasound energy is reflected…

Blood pressure

…is the most common cause of misclassification. Five minutes' seated rest, back and arm supported, legs uncrossed, no conversation Cuff width ≥ 40% of the upper…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…is common to discover SB in healthy young individuals who are not well trained. This is also a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus…

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