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Reduction of dislocations

…compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…the extent of reduction in cardiac output and arterial pressure and may include: Chest discomfort Fatigue Weakness Presyncope or syncope Exercise intolerance Symptoms of shock…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…imbalance Hypercalcemia Definition : P/S Ca 2+ 2.6 mmol/L In approximately 90% of cases, hypercalcemia is attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism or neoplastic etiologies…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…a fairly good estimate of the actual workload. The perceived exertion may be graded from 0 (none) to 10 (maximal exertion) or according to the…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…or partial, depending on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…emergency or urgent procedures, chronic kidney disease, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock. Patient related and procedural risk factors The risk of adverse…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…designed to identify ischemic areas of the myocardium by highlighting regions with reduced blood flow. Radiotracers for SPECT Technetium 99m (Sestamibi or Tetrofosmin): With a…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…or even reduce infarct size, which is generally attributed to its reduction of heart rate and contractility. But as it turns out, [2] the reduction…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left ventricle. QRS duration QRS duration is the time duration from the start to the end of…

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