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Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated troponin…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…apoptosis, and release from an early cytosolic pool have all been associated with detectable troponin. High sensitivity assays may therefore identify a continuum of myocardial…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…which activate circulating platelets and coagulation factors, which results in thrombus formation (Figure 1). Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque may also release atherosclerotic debris downstream…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…and a faster release kinetics. This may explain higher peak levels of cTnI compared with cTnT. Normal values (reference values) URL (upper reference limit) : The…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…by a rising and/or falling troponin pattern with at least one value above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit; and Evidence that…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…infarction (AMI), in which myocardial ischaemia is accompanied by cardiomyocyte necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…including carbamazepine, theophylline and quinine. Repeated dosing may also be appropriate after large ingestions of modified release preparations. Contraindications Measure Contraindication : : Medicinal charcoal A reduced…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…urine output and ask when the patient last passed urine. Contact intensive care in circulatory compromise, serious arrhythmia, marked QRS widening, a sine wave pattern…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…must be taken into account). Known allergy to the preparation — rare; itching and urticaria are usually due to histamine release, not allergy. Concurrent MAO inhibitor…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis, and whenever the clinical course deviates from what was expected…

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