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Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Upon such damage…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…choice among the common opioids in renal failure Ketobemidone IV 2.5–5 mg Oral bioavailability about 35 per cent Paracetamol PO or IV 1…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from the stent surface and have substantially reduced this process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…cardiac specific but the cTnT assays also detect proteins released from skeletal muscle. Consequently, skeletal muscle damage or inflammation may result in elevated cTnT levels…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…pain or discomfort is the most common symptom initiating evaluation for ACS. Features that increase the likelihood of ACS include: Sudden symptoms at rest or…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…single or repeated a modified release preparation or a combination product concurrent drugs, alcohol and illicit substances weight, age, pregnancy and comorbidity renal and hepatic…

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