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Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Upon such damage…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…Oxycodone PO 5–10 mg as needed The first choice among the common opioids in renal failure Ketobemidone IV 2.5–5 mg Oral bioavailability…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In contemporary practice…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…cTnI is the most cardiac specific biomarker. Troponin T (cTnT) is cardiac specific but the cTnT assays also detect proteins released from skeletal muscle. Consequently…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…and Pathophysiological Basis High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn) assays detect circulating troponin released from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…infarction (AMI), in which myocardial ischaemia is accompanied by cardiomyocyte necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…preparations: in practice within about 1 hour. Tablets and solid preparations: up to about 2 hours. Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children…

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