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Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…causes of troponin release must therefore be considered throughout assessment. Coronary disease is most commonly related to atheromatous plaque producing progressive narrowing or obstruction of…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…agents that undergo enterohepatic or enteroenteric recirculation, including carbamazepine, theophylline and quinine. Repeated dosing may also be appropriate after large ingestions of modified release preparations…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…assess renal function and the rate of rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial ischaemia without demonstrable acute cardiomyocyte injury or necrosis…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…is myocardial ischaemia caused by an acute coronary process. Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…of neoatherosclerosis helps explain why ISR and other stent related events may arise well after the initial intervention. Mechanical mechanisms Mechanical abnormalities may initiate or…

Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…Clinical Applications Natriuretic peptides have three principal roles: Supporting or excluding the diagnosis of HF Estimating disease severity and prognosis Contributing to longitudinal assessment and…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed. Consequently…

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