Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and clinical rationale Stable angina, or chronic chest pain attributable to suspected chronic coronary syndrome, is evaluated by estimating…

…for revascularization is angina that remains refractory despite medical therapy when significant stenoses are anatomically or physiologically suitable for treatment. Revascularization improves angina related health…

…paracentesis: Tense ascites with abdominal discomfort, early satiety or respiratory compromise. Diuretic refractory or diuretic intolerant ascites, as recurrent treatment. Contraindications There are in practice…

…Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1 and step 2 Refractory status: contact anaesthesia…

…syndrome" has emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic…

…no imaging evidence of RV dysfunction. Catastrophic or “supermassive” PE refers to refractory cardiogenic shock or the need for ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical circulatory support…

…10]. Refractory atrial arrhythmias resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs or repeated ablation procedures should raise suspicion, especially in patients in their mid 60s or older [10…

…will be blocked at that point. The length of the refractory period (see Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology) varies with heart rate. The length is shortened as…

…Figure 4. Intermittent failure to capture. Figure 5. Failure to capture during the refractory period. Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition…