Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

…commensurate with the body’s requirements, or can do so only at the expense of abnormally high filling pressures. The resulting haemodynamic congestion produces a…

…paracentesis: Tense ascites with abdominal discomfort, early satiety or respiratory compromise. Diuretic refractory or diuretic intolerant ascites, as recurrent treatment. Contraindications There are in practice…

…seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold…

…syndrome" has emerged, emphasizing the putative role of sensitized sensory nerve endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic…

…no imaging evidence of RV dysfunction. Catastrophic or “supermassive” PE refers to refractory cardiogenic shock or the need for ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical circulatory support…

…A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in the 3 years preceding diagnosis is also a notable…

…long refractory periods and short RR intervals have shorter refractory periods. Aberrant conduction occurs when the length of the cardiac cycle is changed without a…

…Figure 4. Intermittent failure to capture. Figure 5. Failure to capture during the refractory period. Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition…

…Isolated urticaria, localised angio oedema or itching without compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation is usually an allergic reaction but not in itself anaphylaxis…